It might be attributed to its ancestor, the Old Malay language (which can be traced back to the 7th century). Originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra, Malay has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for half a millennium. Classical Malay had emerged as a literary language in the royal courts along both shores of the Strait of Malacca, including the Johor Sultanate and Malacca Sultanate. Standard Indonesian is a standard language of "Riau Malay", which despite its common name is not based on the vernacular Malay dialects of the Riau Islands, but rather represents a form of Classical Malay as used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Kedukan Bukit Inscription, written in Pallava script, is the oldest surviving specimen of the Old Malay language. Indonesians generally may not recognize the name Bahasa alone when it refers to their national language. For example, Korean language is translated as bahasa Korea, and the same applies to other languages, such as bahasa Inggris (English), bahasa Jepang (Japanese), bahasa Arab (Arabic), bahasa Italia (Italian), and so on. Bahasa Indonesia is sometimes reduced to Bahasa, which refers to the Indonesian subject ( Bahasa Indonesia) taught in schools, on the assumption that this is the name of the language. The Indonesian name for the language ( bahasa Indonesia) is also occasionally used in English and other languages. Standard Indonesian is confined mostly to formal situations, existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Malay varieties, which are commonly used for daily communication, coexisting with the aforementioned regional languages. However, in a looser sense, it also encompasses the various local varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago. The term Indonesian is primarily associated with the national standard dialect ( bahasa baku). It currently has the status of a working language under the country's present constitution along with English. Under Indonesian rule from 1976 to 1999, Indonesian was designated as the official language of Timor Leste. However, most formal education and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, and judiciary and other forms of communication are conducted in Indonesian. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages examples include Javanese and Sundanese, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. Many borrowed words have been adapted to fit the phonetic and grammatical rules of Indonesian. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various languages, including Javanese, Minangkabau, Buginese, Banjarese, Arabic, Dutch, and English. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesian ( bahasa Indonesia ) is the official and national language of Indonesia.
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